| | Year-over-year earnings-per-share growth. | Direct signal of earnings expansion. | Helps tilt toward higher-compounding businesses; supports strategic growth allocations and long-horizon return potential. |
| | Consistency of EPS growth over 12 quarters. | Trends indicate repeatable growth quality. | Reduces exposure to cyclicality and “one-time” beats; improves stability of growth sleeve performance. |
| | Year-over-year top-line sales growth. | Captures demand expansion independent of accounting choices. | Helps identify scalable businesses early; balances EPS-based growth with demand-driven growth signals. |
| | Consistency of revenue growth across 12 quarters. | Rewards durable expansion over episodic growth. | Improves predictability; helps reduce drawdowns during demand slowdowns. |
| | Year-over-year free cash flow growth. | Captures growth that is cash-backed. | Improves quality of growth exposure; reduces risk of accounting-driven earnings and supports intrinsic value compounding. |
| | Consistency of FCF growth over 12 quarters. | Durable cash growth signals sustainable expansion. | Reduces exposure to cash-flow volatility and funding risk; supports stable long-term compounding. |
| | Year-over-year net profit growth. | Profit expansion is central to fundamental growth. | Helps identify improving business economics; supports growth allocation with profitability validation. |
| | Consistency of profit growth over 12 quarters. | Durability matters more than a single beat. | Improves forecastability; reduces earnings-reversal risk in the portfolio. |
| | Year-over-year growth in book value per share. | Indicates durable equity compounding and balance-sheet strength. | Supports quality tilts and financial-sector relevance; reduces fragility by favoring stronger equity foundations. |
| | Year-over-year growth in shareholder equity (book value). | Balance-sheet compounding is a core quality attribute. | Improves resilience across cycles; supports quality selection when earnings are volatile. |
| | How much reported earnings are backed by free cash flow. | Distinguishes “real” earnings from accounting earnings. | Reduces risk of earnings surprises; improves robustness of valuation signals and downside protection. |
| | Net income as a percentage of revenue. | Profitability efficiency is a quality signal. | Supports quality and stability; helps avoid structurally low-margin businesses with fragile economics. |
| | Free cash flow as a percentage of revenue. | Cash profitability is a stronger quality measure than accrual earnings. | Improves resilience and intrinsic value compounding; reduces funding risk during downturns. |
| | Leverage: debt relative to shareholders’ equity. | Higher leverage increases balance-sheet risk. | Helps cap leverage exposure; reduces blow-up risk and supports resilient portfolio design. |
| | Balance-sheet burden: total liabilities relative to assets. | Lower cushion implies greater solvency risk. | Improves downside defense; helps avoid structurally fragile balance sheets across sectors. |
| | Change in total debt over the last year. | Rising leverage can increase risk and reduce flexibility. | Helps avoid deteriorating balance sheets; supports safer growth exposure and drawdown control. |
| | Leverage after adjusting debt for cash holdings. | Captures true leverage and solvency risk. | Improves risk sorting and position sizing; helps avoid hidden leverage risk when cash buffers are weak. |
| | Net leverage normalized by total asset base. | Provides cross-sector solvency comparability. | Supports diversified portfolios by making leverage risk more comparable across sectors. |
| | Liquidity cushion relative to obligations. | Liquidity reduces solvency and refinancing risk. | Strengthens defensive quality; reduces probability of forced dilution/refinancing in downturns. |
| | Valuation multiple: price relative to earnings. | Core measure of “cheap vs expensive.” | Helps control valuation risk; supports value tilts and reduces overpaying for growth. |
| | Valuation compared to peer/industry typical multiple. | Normalizes valuation across different sectors. | Improves comparability; reduces sector-bias when building diversified portfolios. |
| | Relative valuation vs estimated intrinsic value. | Direct signal of mispricing vs fundamentals-based value. | Supports valuation discipline and rebalancing rules; helps avoid chasing overpriced assets and improves expected return. |
| | Valuation relative to book value. | Balance-sheet anchored valuation metric. | Improves financial-sector valuation signals; supports downside protection when earnings are cyclical. |